Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including:

Obesity or overweight: Excess body weight, particularly around the waist, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance: This occurs when the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, which means that glucose cannot enter the cells and builds up in the blood.

Physical inactivity: Lack of physical activity or sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Family history: Having a family history of diabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Age: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age, particularly after the age of 45.

Gestational diabetes: Women who develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

High blood pressure and high cholesterol: These conditions increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

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